The Role of Media in Perpetuating Unrealistic Female Body Images free essay sample

The Role of Media in Perpetuating Unrealistic Female Body Images Portrayals of high fashion models in print media has long created an unrealistic ideal body image for women and despite some recent campaigns (e. g. , Dove and Nike) to portray normal sized/shaped women, the fall-out from the idealized images has not been pretty (pun intended). Research has shown that females are frequently affected, negatively, by their inability to achieve and/or maintain the thinness that is the hallmark of the idealized female body type represented in print media. Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) point out that thinness is embedded in beauty ideals, but also in ideals of morality in that the good girl exhibits by maintaining her thinness that she is in control of her desires while projecting herself as the object of desire for others. Owen and Laurel-Seller (2000) discuss how heavier bodies, and larger framed bodies are not only viewed as unattractive and sexually unappealing, the owners of those bodies are often defined as lazy, lacking self-control, and lacking virtue and Griffin and Langlois (2006) found that attractiveness was perceived as being related to helpfulness, intelligence, and friendliness. What is interesting however, is how much the idealized body, presented in the media, relies on untruths. History of the Ideal Female Form Dereen and Beresin (2006) explained that standards of beauty for females have long been unrealistic and difficult to attain. They note that, historically, wealth has always allowed greater access to the beauty ideal and that pain was usually a component of achieving the ideal (e. g. , corsets, powders with arsenic and lead in it to whiten the skin, foot binding, surgical removal of ribs, etc. ). The pain of the modern woman is self-denial in order to achieve a thinness that is unhealthy. Hess-Biber (2007) deconstructs the trend toward thinness within feminist discourse, as a cultural reaction toward limiting womens space and as women have demanded more space by moving into the public sphere. She notes that movement out into the public space has resulted in more restrictive cultural norms that increasingly restrict their bodies. After the second world war, women returned to the home in significant numbers resulting in a definition of beauty that permitted larger bodies with soft curves and full figures as was evident in the 1950s, however as females began to make the move back into the public sphere, bodies began to shrink again, in a manner that was similar to the ultra-slender form of the post-suffrage movement, the boyishly thin flapper of the 1920s. Todays thin-ideal is even more slender, but then todays woman has much more than the vote. Ideal Female Form in the Media According to Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) the media is the loudest and most aggressive purveyors of images and narratives of ideal slender beauty (p. 2). Martin and Kennedy (1993) suggest that the perpetuation of damaging ideals of physical attractiveness may be unintended by-products, however they do insist that understanding the causes and consequences of advertising outcomes must be examined and addressed. Of course, feminist discourse, such as that described by Hess-Biber (2007) would argue that the damage is not unintentional at all. Magazines, television, film, the internet, social media, and advertising campaigns are all, in fact, complicit in perpetuating an ideal of extreme thinness as a primary component of feminine beauty. Furthermore, as women have taken up a good deal more of the public sphere, the restrictions upon their bodies have become even more stringent. Guillen and Barr (1994) noted that the models in their magazine study not onlyreflected the emphasis on thinness/ They also found that the models had become increasingly thinner. Derenne and Beresin (2006) also noted that models in the 1980s were about 8% thinner than average, but in 2006 they were 23% thinner than the average woman although they suggest that rising obesity rates may also contribute to this statistic. Technology has been used to attept to hide how damaging the thin-ideal has become by airbrushing away all evidence that the waif thin models in the magazines are suffering from thinning hair; blotched,  unhealthy skin; dark circles under the eyes; and other signs of ill-health as a result of their severely underweight conditions and retouching has been used to add curves to skeletal structures with protruding ribs/collarbones and sunken cheeks. In fact, Hardy (2010), a former editor of Cosmopolitan, said that women wouldnt yearn to be super-thin if they could see how ugly it really was, but airbrushing hides all that ugliness and she adds her voice to the demand to stop airbrushing and creating impossible to attain ideals of feminine beauty. She also notes that airbrushing isnt restricted to fashion magazines, even health and fitness promoting magazines such as Self have had to retouch to make the models look bigger and healthier and Jane Druker, editor of Healthy magazine (sold in health food stores) admitting to retouching a cover girl. Magazines Guillen and Barr (1994) statistically analyzed nutrition and fitness articles and body shape representations in 132 issues of Seventeen that were published between 1970 and 1990. In their literature review they discuss studies that show magazines are a significant source of nutrition information, for adolescents and young adults. They reported that the predominant messages in womens magazines were focused on dieting and exercise to achieve an ideal body shape and their study found that this message was replicated in the adolescents magazine that they reviewed. They found that 50% of the major nutrition-related articles focused on weight-loss and each of these articles explained the relationship between dieting and improving ones appearance. Furthermore, although they found the nutrition advise to be accurate, they explained that there was little provided to help their readers assess whether they needed to lose weight and they found some of the diets were overly restrictive. They explain that 51% of the fitness articles described exercise regimes to promote weight loss and 74% cited attractiveness as an outcome for engaging in a fitness or exercise plan. Advertising Guillen and Barr (1994) found that 24.8% of the 1459 advertisements they reviewed, in the twenty years worth of Seventeen magazine issues, were for diet camps and another 12. 3% were for weight control products. They also noted, however, that 14. 4% of the advertisements were for candy, snack food, and beverages. Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) also mention the conflicting advertising messages that push high caloric foods with low nutritional values along side articles and advertisements for weightloss. In Guillen and Barrs (1994) literature review, they noted an increase in the prevalence of both obesity and anorexia nervosa/bulimia in adolescent women during the onset of the fitness boom in the 1970s and 1980s which may be attributable to the conflicting messages of weight-loss; an ideal, but unachievable, body type; and high calorie, low nutrition food. Television and Film Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008) explain that thin actors dominate the television screen and they note that actresses, models, Playboy centerfolds, and even cartoon characters have become increasingly thinner to the point that many of them are often thinner than the criteria for anorexia (p. 460). In a study conducted by Raphael and Lacey (1992) they found that 69% of female characters on television were so thin they appeared to be anorexic and Hawkins et al (2004) found a similar body structure in the majority of women on television, one that includes narrow hips, long legs, and at least 15% below the average womans weight. Percy and Lautman (1994) examined portrayals of women in the media and reported that the ideal 1894 female model was 54 tall and weighted 140 pounds. By 1947 the ideal model was fifteen pounds lighter and in 1970 models were expected to be at least 58 tall and 118 pounds. An interesting study conducted by Becker et al in 2002 was related by Derenne and Beresin (2006) showed how the introduction of television to Fiji in 1995 drastically changed the body ideal of ethic Fijians. Prior to the introduction of television this culture favoured a rotund body type, eschewed dieting, and reported only one case of anorexia nervosa. In 1998, dieting was a engaged in by 69% of the population and eating disorders were becoming much more prevalent and the youth explained the inspiration for this new behavior was due to the appearance of the actors in the programs they watched. Implications of Idealizing the Female Form Female obsession with the thin-ideal body image is linked to negative behaviors such as excess dieting, low self-esteem, dieting and in extreme cases depression and eating disorders. Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008) discuss the implications of the unattainable thin-ideal representation of women, in the media, from the perspective of cultivation theory and social learning theory that suggests that repeated exposure to media content leads viewers to begin to accept media portrayals as representations of reality and that the thin-ideal woman is normative, expected, and central to attractiveness(p. 460). Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) conducted a meta-analysis of twenty-five studies (n = 2,292) and they found that 86% of the studies reviewed found a small, but consistent, negative effect on body satisfaction levels in females exposed to thin-ideal media images, with younger females ( 19 years old) and those with a history of body dissatisfaction issues showing the greatest negative impact. Body Image Disturbances and Psychological Dysfunctions Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) describe studies that show that a moderate degree of [body] dissatisfaction (p. 2) is now considered a normal aspect of being a woman and dieting is an activity regularly employed to manipulate size and shape. Hesse-Biber (2007) suggest that at least 56% of women experience body dissatisfaction which has given rise to the increase in dieting and exercise, but also eating disorders and plastic surgery. Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008) cite several studies that identifies body dissatisfaction as a dominant risk for eating disorders, low self-esteem, depression, and obesity and suggest this (body dissatisfaction) is a core aspect of womens physical and mental health (p. 460). They found more than 100 studies that examined how the thin-ideal represented in media was internalized by women as an expected and normal aspect of beauty. Park (2005) found a link between her college-aged subjects desire to be thin and their beauty and fashion magazine reading activity. Her subjects had internalized the thin-ideal to such an extent that they assumed that everyone, men and women, prefer the thin body represented in the media. Stice, Spangler and Agras (2001) sought to determine the outcomes of longer term exposure to thin-ideals by providing a 15 month subscription to a fashion magazine (Seventeen) to 45% of a sample of 219 adolescent girls; the remainder were assigned to the control group. They were able to show that their experimental group spent more time reading the magazine (~30 minutes more per month) than the control group. They did not see any significant increases in effects on the five outcomes being studied: thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms overall, except for the participants who had initially reported above average scores on the pressure to be thin variable. These vulnerable adolescents felt an increased pressure to be thin and reported more body dissatisfaction as a result of increased exposure to the thin-ideal. Wertheim et al. (1997) sought to understand the sociocultural pressures and influences on the dieting behaviors of a small (n=30) homogeneous sample of adolescent girls (ages 14 to 16), primarily to contribute to research that seeks to discover and implement preventions measures for eating disorders in adolescents. While they were able to see that dieting and watching ones weight were part of the conversations these subjects had with friends and family, the greatest pressure came from the thin models on the television and in advertisements and the second greatest force was the fashions worn by those models that arent made for bigger or medium-size people. Most of it is made for slim people (p. 350). The Role of the Media Researchers over the last thirty years have concluded that media exposure to the thin-ideal contributes to a fixation on body image and internalizing the social expectation to be thin. High exposure to media images of the thin-ideal is correlated with body dissatisfaction, diminished self-esteem, negative self-worth, depression, shame, insecurities, and eating disorders in female youth (Grabe, Ward, and Hyde, 2008; Groesz, Levine, and Murnen, 2002). Wertheim et al. (1997) found that media and fashion were the biggest sources of pressure on their study subjects desire to be thin although the pressures were reinforced by social factors such as teasing or wanting to fit into a peer group that was dieting (even if they didnt need to be dieting). Lokken, Worthy, and Trautmann (2004) found a correlation between women who had internalized the thin-ideal standard for beauty and their preferences for fashion and beauty magazines. Reactionary Media Campaigns Commissioned by Dove, Etcoff, Orbach, Scott, and DAgostino (2004) conducted a study in which they interviewed 3,200 women in ten countries; 500 of these women were from the United States. They found that 47% of their subjects (60% of U. S. respondents) believed their weight to be too high which affected their perceptions of their own physical attractiveness. These women reported that they believed that the idea of beauty is much more than just physical attractiveness, but popular culture and the media have made these two concepts synonymous and that attributes associated with female beauty are not only becoming increasingly narrowed in their definition, but are also becoming much more unattainable. These respondents strongly agreed that media and advertising were responsible for setting unrealistic standard[s] of beauty that most women cant ever achieve (p.27) and 59% of the American respondents believed that only the most physically attractive women are portrayed in popular culture (p. 27). Dove (2013) has attempted to address these findings in their advertising campaign, the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty launched in 2004, by introducing what they called real women whose appearances are outside the stereotypical norms of beauty. They report that their efforts have resulted in some positive movement away from perpetuating unrealistic perceptions of beauty that are represented by underweight fashion models beginning when Spain banned overly thin models in 2006. Dove responded by stepping up their advertising campaign by producing videos that show how unrealistic perceptions of beauty are created with airbrushing and modifications to images of made up models before they are released to the public. They also produced a film in 2007 called Onslaught, that dramatizes the massive volume of unrealistic, unattainable images of beauty targeting girls and young women that is resulting in lower self-esteem. Dove is pleased that their efforts are gaining traction, but they know that there is still much that needs to be accomplished. The message is being heard, however, as advertising directed at women is increasingly relying upon real women. In the United Kingdom, Jo Swinson, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Women and Equalities, reports that their government has been getting involved and encouraging media, retail, and fashion industries to promote diverse body images and to refrain from airbrushing in their ads. She was pleased that advertising campaigns in the U. K. are, in her word, championing authenticity (Campaign, 2013). Recommendations Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) suggest that advertisers and marketers need to be held accountable for the fall out from promoting unhealthy body ideals and Grave, Ward, and Hyde (2008) suggest that the media needs to be encouraged to reduce and eliminate representations of the thin-ideal. Both studies concluded with a recommendation for education programs that teach girls media literacy so that they can be critical consumers of appearance-related media to prevent the development of body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating behaviors (Grave, Ward, and Hyde, 2008, p.471) and both studies presented evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions. Derenne and Beresin (2006) would like to see a government funded advertising campaign conducted that promotes healthy life-styles, although they (perhaps naively) believe that the lessons and values for healthy eating and exercise must be modelled and learned at home although the study conducted by Wertheim et al (1997) does support this somewhat, in that the subjects, in their study, who did not diet or watch their weight exhibited characteristics of self-acceptance that was fostered by their friendship groups and family influences. They suggest that the constructive influences of peer groups can be utilized to facilitate interventions to mitigate the sociocultural agents that promote unhealthy eating behaviors. They pointed to the successful use of peer facilitators in youth smoking prevention studies, but otherwise did not provide much guidance on how to implement such a measure. Martin and Kennedy (1993) believe that media representatives need to be encouraged to portray a broader spectrum of beauty and sees some advertising campaigns showing oversize models as evidence that media representatives are open to the suggestions. Etcoff, Orbach, Scott, and DAgostino (2004) found that the women in their study also want the media to change the way it represents beauty. 76% of the respondents (85% of U. S. respondents) think beauty must be portrayed as something more than just physical attractiveness by portraying a greater diversity of women where physical attractiveness is not restricted to women of a particular age, shape, weight , or size. They suggest that the narrow definition of beauty that is largely located in limited ideals of physical appearance (p. 47), but can be changed to affirm the unrealized and unclaimed concept of authentic beauty (which includes happiness, kindness, wisdom, and love, etc. ) that is lodged in womens hearts and minds (p.47). In is through such efforts that women believe they may be freed from an ideal that is extremely difficult to achieve and failure to achieve is a significant contributor to low self-esteem particularly among the youngest of the respondents. These respondent expressed a hope that popular culture and media take the opportunity and be the primary force for change in defining a new standard for beauty that incorporates characteristics that go beyond the young, waif-thin, tall, leggy models that grace the pages of fashion magazines. Conclusion Evidence that the message is being heard by advertisers was shown when the creative director of the Dove Campaign, Brian Collins, was presented with the Image of Woman award at the 2006 National Organization for Women Conference and in his acceptance speech he said This is a simple idea, that beauty, whatever that means, is a self-defined and democratic idea. What I really want everyone to do here is hold the advertising industry accountable (Hopper, 2006). Ms. Hopper reports that there are some nay-sayers who believe that Dove has not gone far enough in challenging the status quo, since they still rely on sex, or at least sex-appeal, to sell many of their products and according to Felix (2012) they may be using real women, but they still airbrush way imperfections from their imperfect models. However, the conversation about body image and beauty is taking place in the mainstream and not just within the academic literature. Perhaps the time is finally upon us to find Keats truth.

Australian Health Care System

Question: Discuss about the Australian Health Care System. Answer: Competency Element 3.3 The competency standard of nursing is set for the general practice of the nursing in the health care centers of Australia. The element 3.3 of the competency is intended to help the nurse during the time of uncertain conditions. It is the duty of all the registered nurse to deal with all the issues related to treatment provided to patients. They also have to negotiate the terms related to the practice that is provided to each person. In many cases, the patient may not agree to seek the interventions that are prescribed by the nurse. It is the duty of the nurse to ensure that the patients get the proper and best form of treatment, which is essential for individual care. This competency elements can be applied all the individual and groups to provide treatment for all forms of chronic disuse like diabetes and obesity. This competency element is implemented in relevant to the legislation of nursing. The registered nurse uses the guidelines of the elements to ensure that the healthcare rights of every individual are protected. It is also the responsibility of the nurse to ensure that the guidelines of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council are being followed properly (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). Description of the Issue: Diabetes mellitus The diabetes mellitus is one of the most widely occurring chronic diseases, which is caused high level of blood sugar over a longer period of time. This disease is caused due to disturbance in the metabolic activity of the body. There are certain definite guidelines set by the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council to deal with the all the major issues related to the treatment of diabetes. The treatment of the diabetes requires insulin administration. There are many issues related to the treatment that is provided to the diabetic patients. According to the guidelines of the competency elements it is the duty of the nurse to seek permission from the patients before providing treatment. The nurse also has to negotiate the terms before providing treatment to the patients and also make them realize the importance of the treatment. Outline of Problems faced by Diabetes patients Impact of the Community in the healthcare system Strategies to promote Prevention of Diabetes Reference Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2016). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016].

Knowing About Sample Essays For Free That You Can Use

Knowing About Sample Essays For Free That You Can UseTo know whether to seek for a free sample essay or not, you must first determine if the essay is of the kind that is offered as part of the criteria for hiring the job. If the job asks for an essay on the qualifications for the job, then it is to be viewed as one of the primary criteria for the job.For that, the employer need not pay for a sample essay. There are other ways to get this document and those include the ways mentioned above. However, there are ways to save time and money as well when looking for free samples for free.In today's times, there are many organizations that are providing free sample essays as well as the guidance on what should be included in the essay. You can choose from these samples as a base for writing your own essay. The outline of the essay will also be given so that you can decide what information to include. The outline may also contain suggestions on what to omit.The free sample essay is one of th e forms of samples available for free. It may be less expensive than hiring a writer and that to a trained professional in writing a resume, cover letter, or a resume line if you are seeking an internship position.The free sample essays are usually a minimum of 6 pages but sometimes they are a lot longer. The length can be dependent on the goal you are trying to reach. If you are seeking for a job, the short and simple version is more appropriate.The free sample essays on a childcare director interview may be shorter or longer depending on the scope of the document. If you are not seeking for a job but for some form of assistance that would help you in writing a resume, cover letter, or resume line, then you may need to write a bit longer. In addition, you should be prepared with the content of the essay because you will need to make it comprehensive and for all to read.Another good thing about the free sample essays is that they help you make sense of the documents to make it easie r for you to write your own essay. In this case, you can add your thoughts and ideas so that it would be easy for the essay writer to write.Hence, the free sample essays that are freely available can help you in writing your resume, cover letter, or resume a line if you are seeking for a job or some form of assistance. You may choose from the choices that are available and therefore, you may find the right document.

A danger to public health and welfare Essays - Nutrition

A danger to public health and welfare Essays - Nutrition A danger to public health and welfare In what could be a historic moment in the struggle against climate change, the environmental protection agency on Friday confirmed what most people have long suspected but had never been declared as a matter of federal laws carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases constitute a danger to public health and welfare. The formal endangerment finding names carbon dioxide and five other heat trapping gases as pollutants subject to regulation under the federal clean air act. This in turn sets the stage after a 60-day comment period for broad new rules touching major sectors of the American economy and profoundly influencing how Americans use and generate energy. Labels lift how the FDA could make nutrition facts more palatable. Ill have one serving size with a couple of grams of sugar, please. Chances are youve never spoken a sentence like that out loud, because to most people, it doesnt make sense. Yet thats the kind of lingo food makers have used for years to tell Americans about what theyre eating, via the nutrition facts panel. Now, for the first time in a decade the food and drug administration is ready for a chance. After many rounds of internal debate and hefty criticism from health groups the FDA recently submitted a list of proposed improvements for approval by the white house. Since the nutrition facts label was introduced in 1990, the science and recommendations under lying it have changed, says Juli Putnam, an FDA spokesman. Whereas studies show that there are good and bad fats, for example, the label lumps Who do I talk to I will let them Engineering Consulting Firm Residential That will be wonderful Thank you for your help I talked to Geoff. I can redo it Where are you? Little things How is everything going? Turn it off the computer All the fats together. And daily values for sodium are based one a 2,400 mg diet even though new research says those figures should be lower. Although the FDA wont say when the changes will take effect it could be years or what they will be, many nutrition experts have already chimed in with suggestions. But Dr. Robert Lustig, a professor of clinical pediatrics at the university of California, Sand Francisco, warns that helath advocates should temper their expectations. After all, food processing companies spent over $28 million last year on lobbying efforts, some of which were aimed at the FDA. None the less, even a small tweak could pay big dividends. Now that 42% of working base Americans are reading nutrition fact labels (up from 34% in 2008), they could play a key part in combatting the obesity epidemic. None of these are block-buster changes, says Michael Jacobson, executive director of the center for science in the public Internet. Theyre steps.

Suicide Recognizing Symptoms and Helping

Suicide Recognizing Symptoms and Helping Mental Health Issues. Suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally killing yourself. Today, it is the second leading death cause among college students. According to statistics, 10% of college students have had suicidal thoughts or even have been making plans to take away their own lives. Most students, who manifest such thoughts and intentions, suffer from mental illnesses (most often depression), experience frustrations, worries, fears, and doubts. Even though many students can experience these symptoms without thoughts of death, its necessary to prevent or timely notice the frightening moment, when they decide to end their lives. Recognizing The Signs Even though suicide often seems to be a sudden act, its possible to notice the warning signals beforehand and timely help the person. These symptoms arent always clear, but they may include:Extreme level of hopelessness Depression and persistent negative mood Sudden change in behavior and character Avoidance of social activities Abrupt calmness after a long-term depression Talks of death and suicideMost college students who commit suicide suffer from a diagnosable and treatable mental disorder, such as severe depression, anxiety, or negative thoughts after a loss of a loved one. How to Notice Suicidal Behavior in Your Friend? Suicidal students often talk to their peers and express their thoughts. Therefore, you need to be attentive to those you communicate with. See if they manifest such signs as:Talks about their death suicide Threats of hurting oneself Frequent risky behaviors Withdrawal from friends, school, and social activities Depressive behavior and hopelessness Unwillingness to move on after a break-up Talks about the desire to relieve their pain forever Seeing any of these signs, be very careful. Patiently talk with this person and encourage him to get professional help. In case you suspect that your friend, peer, or roommate is suicidal but doesnt want to communicate, consult your campus healthcare providers right away. In emergency cases, call 911 or urgent care facilities. By expressing your concern in time, you might save this persons life. How Do You Know If You Are Suicidal? Be attentive not only to those around you but also to yourself. See if you manifest any of the following behaviors:Withdrawal from your friends and activities you enjoyed before Thoughts or talks about death and suicide Persistent feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness Depressive thoughts Relentless feelings of guilt Strong anger or anxiety Drug or alcohol abuseIf you have any of these signs, seek professional help. Share your thoughts with your friend or family member and ask them to accompany you to the specialist. Suicide Prevention Resources If you want to know how to deal with suicidal thoughts in yourself or your friend, you can ask help from your campus health center or any of these organizations:Active Minds contributes to the effective communication about mental wellness on college campuses, teaches how to prevent mental issues in students, and provides multiple services for those in crisis National Alliance on Mental Illness aims to enhance the lives of individuals who suffer from mental ailments, provides information on suicide prevention, and offers social support groups, 24-hour lifeline crisis chat, and text support line American Foundation for Suicide Prevention aims to provide education, support, and innovative research findings to prevent suicide National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is reachable through a toll-free number 1-800-273-TALK (8255); provides emotional support and assist family members and friends in risk prevention (all talks are confidential) The Trevor Project provides LGBTQ individuals with required emotional support and secure space to have a conversation, offers several channels for help and communication (their toll-free lifeline number 1-866-488-7386 works 24/7)Suicide is a serious issue. Nevertheless, you can prevent this tragedy if you dont nurture your negative thoughts and rather seek ways to deal with them. Remember that your life is the most precious thing you have. Value it.

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Management Information Systems - Essay Example It can also be stated that multitasking functionality of information systems helps in saving valuable time. The multifold data operations are enabled through the multiprocessing capabilities of the information systems. The other major positive impact is that information system enhances the level of accuracy in data processing. The accuracy level is very important in handling huge volumes of data and the automated systems helps to maintain this accuracy in data handling and even facilitates faster processing. The third positive impact is that it reduces the risk in terms of losing data that was previously a big challenge as people used to have important data written on papers. The information system provides a scope through which large volumes of data can be stored in small space in the electronic devices which can be easily accessed as and when required. The negative impacts of the information systems are even widespread across different sectors. The first major negative impact is that the factor of piracy that gained its importance at a large scale after the evolution of information systems. The information systems comprise of certain methods through which the data stored in the systems can be misused by an individual. The other negative impact is that the speed and accuracy that is maintained by information systems leads to increase in rate of unemployment. The systems are capable enough to perform all the manual work making it advantageous for organizations but limit the scope for employment. The third negative impact is that of data security and data integrity. The information systems enables risk factor as volumes of data can be lost which would increase the cost and time. The malfunction that is caused by information systems often leads to loss of information and huge volumes of data. The information systems can be considered as a production factor that is easily substituted for labor and capital. In an organization the entire

Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21 century Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21 century - Essay Example It plays a crucial role in shaping an organization’s reputation, to either praiseworthy or poor. This depends with how it aligns its objectives in line with that of the stakeholders, especially customers. Corporate social responsibility of event planning in the 21st century aims at satisfying those around even if it is at the expense of the company. This is because the stakeholders are the backbone of any company. Failure to treat the stakeholders in a fair way may lead to failure of the business. One of the ways that corporate social responsibility gets attained in an organization is through public relations (Yeoman et al 2004, 29). Public relation assists the business in achieving corporate social responsibility by means of monitoring the business environment. Public relations make it possible for an outside –in approach to reflect on the things that make the organization favored and a decent picture in the eyes of the stakeholders. It reflects on the expectations and standards that the community has about the organization. Event planning is a role that mostly requires direct interaction with the stakeholders and hence a strong relationship with them gets to be always preferred. ... , develop an event design, search for the vent’s site, arrange for food, decor, as well as entertainment, plan for transportation, send invitations, arranges for needed accommodation, supervision of an event and event evaluation. It involves brand intricacies by identifying target customers, logistics planning, as well as coordinating the procedural aspects. These events impact the community in a variety of ways. Event management tool is used as a marketing strategy tool that for communication. The events promote communication with the stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility for event planning in the 21st century concentrates on minding about the event’s impact on the environment, economic as well as social matters. Event management CSR incorporates sustainability both socially and environmentally. The event management team works at making responsible decisions that will not have a negative impact on the stakeholders. The organization plans, organizes implements t he vent with the community in mind. Event management and planning should always involve CSR in events to improve the sustainability of the event management organization. CSR programs always do a lot in creating a compelling legacy in the community. Event management managers should have always assume responsibilities of the work seriously, especially commitment to stakeholders. Particular interest is taken in the conservation and restitution of the global environment (Werther & Chandler 2005, 54). Corporate social responsibility for event management in the 21st century seeks to reduce the ecological impact of organized events by reducing emissions and energy and raw materials consumption. Corporate social responsibility of event planning in the 21st century focuses on three principal categories of